Thanks to its expertise in these domains, the Agence de la biomédecine is the reference authority for all medical, scientific and ethical aspects relating to these issues. It has been assigned the following missions, in particular :

- Monitoring, evaluating and controlling therapeutic and biological activities in its domains of competence and ensuring transparency.
- Participating in the development of regulations and guidelines for activities relating to its prerogatives.
- Authorising research on human embryos and embryonic cells in vitro and the storage of embryonic stem cells for research purposes
- Authorising exchanges, with other countries, of reproductive cells and embryonic stem cells for research purposes

- Accrediting pluridisciplinary prenatal diagnosis centres and preimplantation diagnosis centres
- Accrediting professionals involved in preimplantation diagnosis and examinations of genetic characteristics
- Taking over all the activities of the former Etablissement français des Greffes in terms of organ procurement and transplantation
- Managing the French Bone Marrow Register (le Registre France Greffe de Moelle), the national register of volunteer bone marrow donors.
- Managing, with all the required guarantees, all the records required for the management and follow-up of therapeutic activities in its domains of competence
- Promoting the donation of organs, tissues, cells and gametes.